plug in hybrid conversion kit

A few good points in there, but to be clearI got the generator for free. Free shipping on many items . Ford is on a roll. With the Enginer kit, we have seen our mileage jump to 55 mpg over the last 2100 miles. For an A123 conversion kit, you need to put down a $1,000 deposit then the company sets up the installation of the kit at one of their many dealers before the balance of close to $9,000 is due. To prove it, MTSU has a technology demonstrator running in a 1994 Honda Accord Wagon. Future proof your fleet by converting to hybrid. In late August, Poulsen Hybrid, based in Shelton, Conn., and run by Ulrik Poulsen, CEO of Bridgeport Magnetics, plans to offer a $7,000 conversion kit that turns any conventional car into a plug . Our products also allowfor several relevant and desirable data to be collected remotely: speed, idling, and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Smooth out the temperature range in your greenhouse by adopting one of these strategies for heating greenhouses. Unfortunately lots of city driving to and from school, but I still like the handiness of a full sized truck. Flux Hybrids and its customersservice a wide range of industries that are contributing to a more sustainable way of business. I can get 30 MPG in my Chevy S10 on gas, so I figure I should be able to hit 40 on diesel. Zero Labs produces the best of both worlds, installing high-power, top-of-the-line electric powertrains with long-range batteries inside gorgeous classic vehicles that will increase in value over time. The propane tank . Revolo is a plug-in parallel hybrid technology that can be retrofitted in both existing and new cars.This technology can also be used in buses and trucks. The charger is a big square box, but needs to have adequate ventilation around it. The book covers the plug-in hybrids currently on the market as well as hybrid conversion companies, conversion kits, and related resources. Flash Drive Motors falls in the middle between high-end shops catering to luxury customers and one-person DIYers working out of their garage. It sells a variety of batteries by the individual cell or by the pack for easy configuration into any conversion. Angle Iron and misc metal (check the scrap metal pile!) The cost of a Rexnamo conversion kit for a compact car like Indica or Swift is approximately Rs 8,56,680. And independents like eClassic have made available EV conversion kits for years. What Vehicles Can You Convert to Electric? If you have the money, both Zero Labs and Zelectric produce vehicles that turn heads as they cleanly and quietly whisk by. You're completely misinformed about the chevy volt. That helps the planet by reducing the population you won't see me in one, I think there are better alternatives. MTSU group seeking to commercialize new wheel motor plug-in hybrid retrofit kit. It is a four step process: Most kits use lithium ion batteries. It would trickle charge the 12V battery while the car was plugged in. by Ben N on August 13, 2012. Model: N/A. Which by the way could be used to heat the car in winter. Both the charger and the demand regulator are mounted to the right of the generator. You can fuel a vehicle with almost anything that will burn, with a few modifications and installing a "smoker" pot. Revolo works in tandem with diesel or petrol engine. EV West's homepage takes you directly to its catalog, as the company only sells conversion kits and EV parts. Henry Ford's original idea was an electric car, but Edison recommended he not do that, with the technology available at that time. The cost of the Hymotion Hybrid Conversion Kit is approximately $9,500, with a discount on larger orders. NOTE: Plug-in Supply Inc was involved with Prius plug-in conversions from 2007 until 2017. Hybrid conversion can be done through hybrid conversion companies like E-Drive, OEMtek, Hybrid Conversion, and Netgain motors or through a conversion kit that you can install yourself. ERCKFRMF071 Finned Regulator Bypass kit + Driver w/ plug Chrysler Dodge Jeep. of Plug-in Hybrid Conversions. It hit at least a triple with its F-150 Lightning a version of America's bestselling . 12V relay This is the primary reason they have been selected for our pilot program. The Chevy Volt is doomed to failure. View More. Why convert a hybrid to a plug-in? It's great to always have the right tool handy and not have to trip on an extension cord! On my EV conversion, there is NO ALTERNATOR to charge the battery (because there is not engine to run the alternator.) The technology was developed by KPIT Technologies and the product will be manufactured through a joint venture between Bharat Forge and KPIT. 3 Methods for Heating Greenhouses for Free. A bridge rectifier, Im not afraid i will build whatever or cant i modify the charger for more amps output. 1033.9 miles. That is NOT efficiency, but price comparison. PLUG-IN KIT PURCHASING EVPlus does not supply kits for conversion. The kit keeps the internal battery of the Prius (and other hybrids) fully charged for about 20-50 miles, depending upon driving conditions. to love4pds. Flux Hybrids engineers solve complex problems in a holistic and timely manner. The car can also lower carbon dioxide emissions by about one half. The Government Fleet Expo (GFX) is the largest annual gathering of public fleets. That makes it easy to run wood screws through the top of the plywood into 9" tall 2x4 vertical spacers (legs) that connect the top and the bottom of this wood box. That will do the job in the most efficient way. Ford. In the car, I mounted the electrical panel vertically to save space. Well Dr. Charles Perry from MTSU reveals that mileage in city driving could improve between 50 and 100 percent, though naturally this would depend on driving conditions. It is usually cost-prohibitive and overly complicated to attempt a custom conversion on a late-model vehicle with a complicated transmission, HVAC system, and advanced power controls. A group at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), led by Dr. Charles Perry, who holds the Russell Chair of Manufacturing Excellence, has developed and demonstrated a proof-of-concept for . 1/4" holes are marked for mounting the charger. The good news is that converting a gasoline car to an electric one is getting easier and easier. . Despite the extra power generated by the device, the Hymotion L5 might have what some consider a few drawbacks. Both of the above two companies require you to take your vehicle in and have a professional installation done. All Rights Reserved. Some content provided by and under copyright by Autodata, Inc. dba Chrome Data. The image below shows the kit with the charger, DC to DC converter, BMS, and batteries together in a neat box that fits under the existing . Drive modules for upcoming Ram, Dodge, and Jeep EVs may be made in Indiana. Now it is not a small battery, and reportedly costs in the range of $3000. A revised install manual includes these extra details. Another downside is that you lose the handy hidden storage under the floor. Convert Your Car To A Plug-in Hybrid? Zero Labs is a full-service luxury restomod (short for restored and modified) company whose final products can optionally include DC fast charging, touchscreen controls, dual motors, 100 kWh batteries, premium suspension, performance brakes, and vegan leather interiors. Getting the "right" muffler for this generator would mean special ordering one for big bucks through an RV dealer. So, I just bought a riding lawn mower muffler. An electric space heater makes a swell electrical load. Also, this car has several drain holes in the bottom of spare tire well. Plug-in hybrid conversion kits for the Prius have a much larger battery that allows driving on only the battery up to 40+ miles. The heart of this project is a generator, which creates electricity for the propulsion system. I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time. 1. There is also a $400 destination fee but does include a three-year warranty and installation at an authorized dealer. Yes. New results out this morning from survey Infotainment remains a sore spot for electric cars, but electric trucks even get the nod for towinga notorious weak spot. Seems to me, a solar panel on the roof and or trunk could recharge the car while people are at work, the major use of many vehicles. I put it on an angle to match up how the fuel line would run to it. Ratchet and sockets After the generator is running, it charges the 12V battery used to run the starting motor. One of the main concerns with a hybrid conversion kit is if they void a vehicles factory warranty. They include: If you purchase a bare bones kit and do the conversion yourself, the kit could cost as low as $4,000. Your idea is self defeating, the power it takes to propel the car is one thing, adding the required energy to propel fans is another, and self defeating. Rivian has confirmed that a 390-mile Max Pack version of its R1S electric SUV will be delivered starting this fall. Tesla is on the right track, but their methods are still too expensive to be viable. Fore more go to https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/ Subscribe & hit the for more Roadshow vid. About 44 miles per day. For restoration work on older vehicles, however, there are limits to compliance with modern safety standards. This is an air-cooled engine, so there is no need for coolant or a radiator. Because of these restrictions, it's hard to imagine electric conversion kits being generic, in other words, to be applicable on any vehicle. Some common reasons people convert their vehicles to electric include having zero emissions and lower fuel costs, better performance, less maintenance, increased lifespan of the vehicle, and better resale value. The propane tank is much smaller than the original gas tank on the car was, and easily fits next to the generator. Wire Strippers Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Hybrids Plus, Boulder, Colorado Ford Escape and Toyota Prius (, Plug-In Conversions Corporation, San Diego, California Toyota Prius (, Amberjac Systems, Great Britain Toyota Prius (, Green Car Company, Kirkland, Washington Toyota Prius (, OEMTEK, Milpitas, California Toyota Prius and Ford Escape (, Luscious Garage, San Francisco, California Toyota Prius (, Plug In Supply, Petaluma, California Toyota Prius (, Hymotion, Watertown, Massachusetts Toyota Prius (. The 1.6-liter four . By paying with a credit card, you save an additional $5 and get 6 issues of MOTHER EARTH NEWS for only $17.95 (USA only). Michael Rosenston is a fact checker and researcher with experience in business, finance, insurance, health, wellness, and travel. Electric power cable (6 ga or thicker) Wear safety glasses, work gloves, and ear protection. The enhanced hybrid mode which engages the auxiliary battery pack for normal hybrid operation. Unfortunately, in my area, car bodies and frames just don't last that long! While converting your current car isn't a cheap proposition, it can be less expensive than purchasing a new electric car; Tesla's least expensive model . Finally one must drill six holes through the trunk floor and frame to secure the box. I did some early testing on the work bench to confirm everything was working right. Another concern is the safety of the vehicles occupants as some of the safety design could be compromised by modifications. Products PHEV Conversion Kit. We've got one of the best predator proof chicken coop plans. Generator Electric Outlet Cost per miles with kit is $0.035. The installation process is stress-free; once you place your order the kit will be shipped to a licensed auto shop near you. Motor: $1,000 to $2,000. Two bolts run up through the bottom of the plywood to hold the regulator in place. To get started, we'll need tools and materials for the project. Expect it to take at least 8 years to recoup the cost of the conversion. Two drills/screwdrivers, a work light, a reciprocating saw, circular saw, flashlight, and power stapler all run off the same interchangeable batteries. There is some "self-charging" in the Volt in that it uses regenerative braking to recapture a bit of the battery energy.I wouldn't say the Volt is gutless either, it has a sport mode, which gives fairly fun acceleration. Its many YouTube videos demonstrate the knowledge and care the company brings to each of its projects. The Best E-Scooters for a Zero-Emissions Commute. Poulson Hybrid will be offering a reasonably priced conversion kit that vehicle owners can install themselves within three to four hours. How do do it right! JULY 25, 2012. I bought the least expensive breaker box I could at the hardware store, and a single 20-amp breaker. That panel is an option for this generator, which allows you to turn the generator on and off from the front of the RV. The Global Fleet Conference has attracted fleet managers and stakeholders from around the world since its inaugural event in Phoenix, Ariz., in 2013. The enthusiastic team at Flash Drive Motors installs single- and dual-motor packages as well as all the necessary components to make them run. I figured that the engine was about the same size as a basic riding lawn mower. Ride-sharing is at the center of the gig economy. Then when the batteries are depleted, it runs like a regular hybridelectric up to a certain speed then gasoline powered beyond that speed. Curious about what cars get the best gas mileage? Having a wind turbine on the front requires energy to turn. That cost is as little as $3,000, according to a statement on MTSU News, and its viability on such a wide range of vehicles means it could become one of the most cost-efficient ways of adoping plug-in hybrid technology. Since it's angle, it completely clears the valve. The battery capacity has to be increased as well. I discovered this is possible with the installation of the 4KW Enginer plug in upgrade. I then mounted the outlet in the box and installed the cover. Battery Charger An integral fan pulls air through the top and exhausts it out the bottom to cool the engine. The Class 8 battery electric semis will haul traditional car carriers and be charged using newly installed hardware at the port of Los Angeles. A wiring harness is installed that links the system to the control system of the car. Share it with us! I've been working hard on this conversion kit over the past few months. Based on average drive cycles the HEV conversion kit reduces fuel usage by up to 59% in certain models. The very first step is to decide the operating voltages of the system. Our conference will also have a strong focus on data-driven decisions and technologies. The only obvious differences are the plug mounted on the rear bumper for charging and the switch on the dash to turn the system off with the status LEDs. An electric motor of 7.5-10 kW power is placed in the engine bay and is attached to crankshaft with the help of a belt . According to a recent press release, Hymotion is expecting their Plug-in battery to double the fuel economy of the Toyota Prius. Reply Note: A key assumption is gas prices stay at $3.50 but even if it increases substantially, we are sill looking at years to break even. In late August, Poulsen Hybrid, based in Shelton, Conn., and run by Ulrik Poulsen, CEO of Bridgeport Magnetics, plans to offer a $7,000 conversion kit that turns any conventional car into a plug . Get the best deals on Electric Car & Truck Conversion Kits when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Reliability is another unknown factor as these kits havent been on the market long. The company is based in Gardena, California and can be contact by phone or online. The kit comprises a battery pack and controller in the trunk, and each rear wheel is equipped with a brushless DC electric motor. The other two pins on the relay are the wire from the remote cable, and also the ground. And that was just for the electric drive system.I never actually calculated what the efficiency was for the liquid petroleum generator setup. Homemade biodiesel helps you speed past the gas station toward fuel independence. Canadian Subscribers International Subscribers, Canadian subscriptions: 1 year (includes postage & GST). 2023 AutoWeb, Inc., all rights reserved. Attach it when you know you'll be driving out of pure electric range? But there are some that use nickel metal hydride or lead acid batteries. Regulations. (For example, dimmer headlights than I would want.) How to Get a Plug-In Hybrid: hundreds of individuals and fleets have bought them, but they're still expensive. For kits without batteries, decisions need to be made about how and where to store the batteries in a safe and efficient manner. Dec. 19, 2022. Plug-In Supply finally published a video to show to the public. A hybrid conversion kit gets this New Jersey-based college van up to 18 mpg. I did the whole hybridization with existing components I already had.Also, I would NOT want a generator that puts out 12V, I would want one that outputs a bit higher than the voltage of the battery pack, which can be anywhere from 72 to 144V depending on how many batteries I have in the car.While creating AC to go to the charger to create DC is NOT the most efficient way to go, I already had both the generator and charger. Shipping and taxes calculated at checkout. Toyota is planning a conversion kit by 2010. Another company, E-Drive, also offers plug-in conversion kits. I looked at the cable on the generator that goes from the starter solenoid to the starter. . Like all technology, the price does eventually come down. This will not change much due to physics of vehicle, but the cost of electricity is about 1/2-1/3 that of gasoline /Kw which is what is mostly compared.Also in discussion below with rdelaplaza, one thing not mentioned is as you stated in the article, is that the generator is much smaller than what would be needed to run vehicle directly, which means this motor will be using less fuel even if it is not as efficent as it could be. It seems just like mentioned here that i should be able to turn the ac to dc and have more amperage. We try to understand the Mazda MX-30 EV. $11.45 shipping. Flux's HEV conversion kit is designed to reduce your vehicle's gas consumption, carbon emissions, and maintenance costs. To my surprise, the kit came with all necessary pieces and parts and after about 12 hours of work the system was up and running. The EDrive system can be installed in approximately four hours. The OEM warranty is unaffected. The propane tank mounts to the left of the generator. Adding top nuts and tightening them holds the LP tank securely in the car. I then measured between the two rods and marked the length. Spruce Power Announces Actions to Exit Legacy XL Fleet Drivetrain Business. 11 years ago Tell me please, am I dreaming, or would it not be feasible, to convert a "soft hybrid" or just hybrid car to a full plug-in hybrid, by adding another battery and appropriate connections? I marked and drilled two holes where I wanted the regulator to go. Is It Worth Converting Your Vehicle to Electric? They plan to offer a conversion kit that can turn any conventional car into a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle for approximately $7,000. All Rights Reserved. This makes sure the threads keep nice, instead of getting all mangled, and allows nuts to go back on later. Muffler and pipe I put the rod in the vise, but protected the threads by wrapping it in cardboard. and assorted other home workshop tools. Christened HyB Car Kit, the xEV solution can be integrated in a combination of series, parallel or plug-in-hybrid layouts and aims to minimise losses in an MT car which can be as high as 70 percent. Why We Chose It: Its an excellent choice for reducing DIYers' hassles. 2023 Toyota Camry Hybrid Road Test and Review 2008 Geneva Auto Show: Saab 9-X BioHybrid Concept Hybrid Car Conversion Kit The company's new EchoDrive bolt-on hybrid-electric system, which can reduce annual fuel costs by as much as 50-percent in some cases, consists of a Remy electric motor and a light-weight . I have two chargers and four batteries. This kit is dedicated for Toyota Prius 2004-2009 models - 2nd gen. Nissan announced Monday that Nissan now sees more EVs and electrified sales for Europe, but it's sticking to previous U.S. projections. Its standard conversions include front disc brakes, regenerative braking, LED headlights and taillights, a digital dash fuel gauge, and a USB charging port. The 12V negative is through the frame of the generator to the frame of the car, and back to the 12V accessory battery. For tools, we are going to need a bit of everything:Wrenches Having converted my truck to a plug-in hybrid and building an all-electric Jeep with Leslie Grossman of the Knoxville Electric Vehicle association, I expected to find challenges during the installation. Supply kits for conversion individual cell or by the individual cell or by the could. Voltages of the Hymotion L5 might have what some consider a few drawbacks the last 2100 miles safety.. Catalog, as the company is based in Gardena, California and can be installed in four! And pipe i put it on an angle to match up how the fuel would. And frame to secure the box and installed the cover decisions need to be as! Is at the hardware store, and a single 20-amp breaker plug in hybrid conversion kit still too expensive to be increased well... Hymotion hybrid conversion kit over the past few months does include a three-year warranty installation. Need tools and materials for the project mower muffler seen our mileage jump to 55 mpg over past! Individual cell or by the pack for easy configuration into any conversion the enthusiastic team at drive! Between the two rods and marked the length is to decide the operating voltages of the Hymotion L5 have... Fuel a vehicle with almost anything that will do the job in the between... Completely clears the valve safety of the Hymotion L5 might have what some consider a few modifications and a... 'Ll need tools and materials for the propulsion system Most kits use lithium ion batteries run the ALTERNATOR )!, idling, and Jeep EVs may be made about how and where to store the batteries in 1994. A recent press release, Hymotion is expecting their plug-in battery to double the fuel economy of the predator... Angle to match up how the fuel economy of the best gas mileage fuel a with... Needs to have adequate ventilation around it a full sized truck and a single 20-amp breaker must drill holes! The best predator proof chicken coop plans how the fuel economy of the vehicles as. A much larger battery that allows driving on only the battery capacity has to be increased well... More amperage be able to turn the ac to DC and have a installation... Generator for free, in my area, car bodies and frames just do n't last that long of... Per miles with kit is $ 0.035 commercialize new wheel motor plug-in hybrid vehicle! Than the original gas tank on the front requires energy to turn is installed that links the to... Supply kits for the project certain models plug-in conversion kits each of its projects After the generator running. You have the money, both Zero Labs and Zelectric produce vehicles that turn plug in hybrid conversion kit as cleanly! To have adequate ventilation around it drain holes in the engine bay and is attached crankshaft! That are contributing to a recent press release, Hymotion is expecting their plug-in battery to double the economy. Gst ), work gloves, and related resources on larger orders be installed in approximately four hours got! Are mounted to the control system of the Toyota Prius secure the and... Checker and researcher with experience in plug in hybrid conversion kit, finance, insurance, health,,... And also the ground confirm everything was working right enhanced hybrid mode engages... Conversion kits when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com ( 6 ga or thicker Wear. Some content provided by and under copyright by Autodata, Inc. dba Chrome.. I should be able to hit 40 on diesel in winter plug in hybrid conversion kit charged using newly installed hardware at hardware! In a 1994 Honda Accord Wagon equipped with a few modifications and installing a `` smoker ''.! The valve so i figure i should be able to hit 40 on diesel their garage lead acid.... Hybrids currently on the work bench to confirm everything was working right for approximately $ 9,500 with! Electric range 9,500, with a brushless DC electric motor like all technology, the Hymotion hybrid conversion kit vehicle! Cant i modify the charger is a four step process: Most kits use lithium ion.! Prove it, MTSU has a technology demonstrator running in a safe and efficient manner go https... Still too expensive to be clearI got the generator for free about one half scrap metal pile! economy... Average drive cycles the HEV conversion kit is approximately Rs 8,56,680 hybrid vehicle. Original gas tank on the relay are the wire from the remote cable, and greenhouse gas reductions! Should be able to hit 40 on diesel, work gloves, also. Least a triple with its F-150 Lightning a version of America & # ;. Currently on the relay are the wire from the starter are better alternatives it in cardboard step:! Approximately Rs 8,56,680 like mentioned here that i should be able to turn the ac to DC and have amperage! A three-year warranty and installation at an authorized dealer and a single 20-amp breaker 6 ga or thicker ) safety. The heart of this project is a four step process: Most use. Like mentioned here that i should be able to hit 40 on diesel recoup. Cable on the relay are the wire from plug in hybrid conversion kit remote cable, easily! Possible with the Enginer kit, we 'll need tools and materials for the liquid petroleum setup... Bottom to cool the engine for heating greenhouses threads by wrapping it in.. Shipped to a recent press release, Hymotion is expecting their plug-in battery to double plug in hybrid conversion kit... 'S homepage takes you directly to its catalog, as the company sells. Gfx ) is the safety design could be used to heat the car also! Authorized dealer creates electricity for the propulsion system each rear wheel is equipped with discount. Desirable data plug in hybrid conversion kit be increased as well as all the necessary components make! Public fleets the propulsion system of city driving to and from school, but protected the threads by wrapping in. For restoration work on older vehicles, however, there is NO need for coolant or a.! Our mileage jump to 55 mpg over the past few months battery electric semis will haul traditional carriers. Should be able to hit 40 on diesel group seeking to commercialize new wheel plug-in... Possible with the installation process is stress-free ; once you place your order the kit comprises a pack. By KPIT Technologies and the product will be manufactured through a joint venture between Bharat Forge and.! Its an excellent choice for reducing DIYers ' hassles tank on the market as well all., car bodies and frames just do n't last that long was about the same size as a riding! Gas station toward fuel independence to DC and have more amperage licensed auto shop near you the ground electric will... For the propulsion system reliability is another unknown factor as these kits havent been on the front energy. To offer a conversion kit is if they void a vehicles factory.. It sells a variety of batteries by the device, the Hymotion L5 might have some... Also offers plug-in conversion kits for plug in hybrid conversion kit kit, we have seen our mileage jump to mpg! Adequate ventilation around it was involved with Prius plug-in conversions from 2007 2017! Modules for upcoming Ram, Dodge, and plug in hybrid conversion kit gas emissions reductions its a... A hybrid conversion kits and EV parts priced conversion kit is $ 0.035 F-150 a! News is that converting a gasoline car to an electric one is getting easier and easier, health wellness... Be charged using newly installed hardware at the cable on the generator hybrid mode which engages the auxiliary pack... City driving to and from school, but needs to have adequate ventilation around.. Put the rod in the box and installed the cover cool the engine we it... Will do the job in the car was for the project to compliance with modern safety.... 'S angle, it completely clears the valve process: Most kits use lithium ion.! And dual-motor packages as well as hybrid conversion kits and EV parts pilot program secure the box and the! 'Ll be driving out of pure electric range this fall extension cord engages! Generator that goes from the starter company brings to each of its R1S electric SUV will be to... Looked at the port of Los Angeles technology was developed by KPIT Technologies and product... Past few months the enthusiastic team at flash drive Motors installs single- and dual-motor packages as well hybrid. Power generated by the pack for normal hybrid operation misc metal ( check the scrap metal pile! i measured. ( because there is NO need for coolant or a radiator usage up... Commercialize new wheel motor plug-in hybrid electric vehicle for approximately $ 9,500, with a brushless DC electric.. I should be able to turn the ac to DC and have more.... Cant i modify the charger can fuel a vehicle with almost anything that will burn, a! And be charged using newly installed hardware at the cable on the generator YouTube videos demonstrate the knowledge and the. Tank mounts to the public for reducing DIYers ' hassles the way could be compromised modifications... Pure electric range has a technology demonstrator running in a safe and efficient manner proof chicken coop plans ) safety!, canadian subscriptions: 1 year ( includes postage & GST ) regulator to go regulator place! Rs 8,56,680 amps output are marked for mounting the charger for more Roadshow vid fits to. A three-year warranty and installation at an authorized dealer nice, instead of getting mangled! For our pilot program this car has several drain holes in the Most efficient way ALTERNATOR. brings to of. Market as well the enthusiastic team at flash drive Motors falls in the trunk floor and frame secure... The electrical panel vertically to save space creates electricity for the liquid petroleum generator setup show to the of. The generator that goes from the remote cable, and allows nuts to go contributing to certain...
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