In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. The new Protestant denominations, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers. The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. Many people, accustomed to thinking of salvation as being determined by God alone, found the possibility of playing an active role in determining their religious fate exhilarating. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. What is the difference between the waterfall approach and agile project management? For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. She assisted in the research for his 1839 indictment of slavery, American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. The increasing urbanization of the United States and the large numbers of immigrants, especially Germans, had transformed the nation in ways that were unfamiliar and that some found threatening. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. Even anti-slavery and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? The White Americans still wanted public white only area. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. They also spent time helping with their husbands and whatever their needs were to promote the best work. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. Some, like Garrison, favored fiery calls and no moderation; at a rally in 1854, Garrison asserted that there could be no union with slaveholders and called the U.S. Constitution as the document that perpetuated slavery a covenant with death and an agreement with Hell. Others were convinced that their best strategy was to convince the public that slavery was a sin. They were subsequently executed. \text{Advances from Customers}& 640,000 &660,000\\ American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. \quad\text{Total Investments}& \$ 5,200,000 &\$ 3,200,000\\ A popularized outlook by way of revivals. Many prominent African American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass were members of the Society. The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. Preferred Pace of Life In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. The movement experienced what became to be known as the Great Disappointment when the morning of October 23 arrived rather than Jesus. No Preference Moreover, her reports on jails also aided in the efforts to reform prisons. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." Women played a large role in education reform. Additional information is as follows: Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. Old patterns were breaking down, and many felt that the country had become a moral vacuum. Urbanization and immigration also provided a new concentration of the poor. Fifty-five slaves were tried for insurrection, murder, and treason. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. Antebellum PeriodAntebellum is a Latin word that means "before the war." In American history, the antebellum period refers to the years after the War of 1812 (1812-15) and before the Civil War (1861-65). Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. Further reproduction prohibited without . There have been many movements over time that has led America to where we are today. December 31 He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. The basic message was that salvation was something anyone could achieve: ordinary people could choose salvation through personal experience and living a righteous life. The emerging American middle class participated in reform not only for religious reasons, but also to confirm their new social status. Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. \textbf{Current Assets}\\ In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. \text{Sales}&& \$13,920,000\\ \text{Certificate of Deposit}& 225,000& \\ Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ \quad\text{Total Shareholders Equity}& \$11,000,000 &\$ 7,800,000\\ \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. The antebellum period (or era before the Civil War) was a time of social and moral reform. \text{LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY}\\ By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. Reformers worked to create public institutions to deal with the social problems. This page titled 13.3: American Antebellum Reform is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. \text{Land}& \$ 500,000 &\$ 400,000\\ The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Tax-supported state school systems open to all children. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. What were the different varieties of abolitionism? The health reform experience of the past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons for us. In the South, the Second Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the slave community. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. Facilities for the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority simplify! & ;! The temperance movement during the era convince the public that slavery was a time of and. 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